In the translation, how activation of amino acid and attachment of tRNA?

Attachment of amino acid to tRNA involves a covalent linkage between the carboxyl group of the amino acid and the 2' or 3' hydroxyl group of the adenine containing nucleotide at the 3' end of the tRNA. 

Above this process is catalyzed by an enzyme called aninoacyl- tRNA synthetase

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activates the amino acid by covalent linking it to tRNA. When a tRNA is charged with the amino acid corresponding to its anticodon, it's called aminoacyl tRNA.

Aminoacylation reaction= The aminoacylation reaction is performed by two steps in which amino acid is first activated by ATP, forming an intermediate aminoacyl adenylate, and the second step the amino acid is transferred to the 3' end of the tRNA.

Source: pathfinder book 

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